Materiality
Assessment
Establishing strong relationships with stakeholders is crucial in creating long-term business value. Thaioil Group has established an internal function to facilitate continuous communication with each stakeholder group. This aims to ensure stakeholders’ perspectives and expectations are considered regarding the Company’s operations, enabling for the analysis and enhancement of Thaioil Group’s performance.
Thaioil Group has categorized its stakeholders into six main groups: shareholders/creditors/financial institutions, customers, suppliers/contractors, employees, community/society, and government agencies and related public agencies. Additionally, the Company analyzes and assesses stakeholders based on their impact and influence throughout the Company’s value chain, from crude oil procurement to the disposal of post-utilization products, as depicted below.
Thaioil Group regularly conducts an annual review and analysis of material topics that significantly impact stakeholders and the business to analyze sustainability-related risks and opportunities across environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions in accordance with the Double Materiality Principle, considering two perspectives of the materiality:
- Impact Materiality: Reflecting an “Inside-out” perspective, this analysis examines the actual or potential impacts – both positive and negative – resulting from the Company’s business activities, while considering the expectations of stakeholders across the value chain.
- Financial Materiality: Reflecting an “Outside-in” perspective, this analysis assesses sustainability-related risks and opportunities that possess the potential to affect the Company’s financial position.
Thaioil Group has conducted its materiality assessment in alignment with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2021 Standards, especially through the application of the AA1000 Accountability Principles (AA1000AP). This process also incorporates the Double Materiality Assessment framework of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) under the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), as developed by the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). These approaches are utilized and applied to the Company’s materiality assessment process, with the results presented to the Sustainability Development Steering Committee (management level) and the Corporate Governance and Sustainability Committee (Board level) determine strategic business directions. Furthermore, the materiality assessment process undergoes regular annual verification by an independent external verifier to ensure transparency and accuracy.
In 2025, Thaioil Group assessed materiality topics from the beginning of the year. The outcomes derived from this assessment became an integral part of consideration for the sustainability strategy during the Strategic Thinking Session (STS). This session aimed to appropriately support planning, target-setting, and resources allocation across time periods.
Material Topics Identification
Thaioil Group assessed the 2025 material topics by analyzing internal drivers, including the Company’s context and business activities across the value chain, to identify stakeholders affected or may be affected—directly or indirectly—by the impacts of the Company’s operations. This assessment incorporates the analysis of both positive and negative impacts alongside the short-, medium-, and long-term Business Strategic Direction. The Company also analyzed external drivers, which are interests and concerns of stakeholders derived from feedback of all six stakeholder groups, global sustainability trends recognized by international organizations, such as the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) as well as interests from ESG Raters and Standards, for example, the Dow Jones Best-in-Class Indices (DJBIC), the GRI 11 Oil & Gas Standard, and the Sustainability Accounting Standard Board (SASB), etc. These findings were prominently utilized in reviewing relevant material topics associated with Thaioil Group, building upon insights gained from previous years. Thaioil Group has identified actual and potential positive and negative impacts across the Company’s value chain once the relevant topics were accumulated. This process included identifying sustainability-related risks and opportunities that may affect the Company’s performance and financial position to facilitate further prioritization.
Material Topics Prioritization
Thaioil Group prioritized 2025 material topics through a collaborative workshop with the executives from internal functions responsible for sustainability development to reassess both the positive and negative impacts on the Company’s value creation across the value chain as well as evaluating the impacts on stakeholders’ interest for those topics. The material topics were ranked in high, medium, and low level through a ranking system that employs criteria based on two dimensions:
1. Financial Materialit: The evaluation of current and future risks and opportunities from the external environment relevant to material topics across the whole value chain that may affect the Company’s performance and financial position. This dimension evaluates likelihood and other criteria such as impact on the Company’s targets, net revenue, reputation, assets, and the continuation of use of resources on each topic.
2. Impact Materiality: Thaioil Group has assessed impact materiality by evaluating current and future positive and negative impacts of its operations on the environment, society, and stakeholders across the value chain, incorporating stakeholder perspectives. The assessment criteria include the scale and scope of the impact, the degree of remediability, and the likelihood of occurrence.
Validation of Material Topics
The Sustainable Development function was the first in line to review the comprehensiveness of material topics. The results were then reported to the highest management level, the Sustainability Development Steering Committee, chaired by the CEO and President, for the final review and endorsement of the material topics, considering both internal and external impacts. After that, the material topics were also endorsed by the Board of Directors’ Subcommittee, namely the Corporate Governance and Sustainability Committee.
Moreover, an external independent verifier was invited and participated to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment process, in addition to safety and environmental performances.
Strategic Integration
After the materiality assessment is approved and signed off, the Sustainability Strategy and Management function will integrate the material topics into the consideration of strategic planning through the annual Strategic Thinking Sessions (STS) business planning process as well as determine long-term strategic targets and develop key success indicators and key risk indicators for the next fiscal year in accordance with the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework to formulate mitigation plans as needed. This will serve as a pivotal foundation for sustainable organizational management through establishing appropriate action plans.
Results of
2025 Materiality Assessment
Thaioil Group’s 2025 materiality assessment identified 12 high-priority material topics, with significant focus placed on climate change and business diversification. These topics impact – both positive and negative – to stakeholder expectations and long-term business value creation, particularly regarding the “production process”, which involves high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. These findings have led the Company to align its strategies with the energy transition and a low-carbon economy, supported by the development of efficient technologies.
In addition, material topics related to environmental management, such as overall environmental management system, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, safety in the production system and operations that do not create impacts on communities, are topics that were given significant attention by various stakeholder groups.
Nevertheless, as a result of Thaioil Group’s ongoing commitment to sustainability. Stakeholders have recognized governance, fight against corruption, and circular economy as fundamental issues for operating businesses. This requires effective management in compliance with laws, standards, national and international practices. The result of the 2025 materiality assessment is illustrated and detailed in the following table.
Impact Assessment to
Thaioil Group has conducted a materiality analysis to identify and value the positive or negative impacts to the Company’s external stakeholders based on the Company’s business operations, products and services, and supply chain. The impact measurement and valuation assessment are then conducted based on the “Natural Capital Protocol” and “Social & Human Capital Protocol” principles to identify and measure both externally positive and negative impacts on environment and society to quantitatively value the external impact on society and the environment from the Company’s business operations. Based on the Company’s analysis, the two topics relevant to the Company’s external stakeholders are shown in the table below:
1st Significant Impact | 2nd Significant Impact | |
|---|---|---|
Material Issue for External Stakeholders | GHG Emissions : Thaioil Group is striving to utilize and develop environmentally friendly products e.g. low carbon products (avoided CO2 emissions from Gasohol and Biodiesel) and green procurement. This contributed to positive changes in climate conditions. | Air Quality Emissions (NOx, SOx, and VOCs Emissions): Thaioil Group is committed to minimizing environmental impacts to our society and environment through NOx, SOx, and VOCs Emission Management. The air pollutants still contributed to negative changes in climate conditions. |
Topic relevance on external stakeholders
| Positive Impact Thaioil Group is committed to reducing GHG emissions in operations and excelling in research and development of environmentally friendly, low-carbon products. By offering these products. For supply side, the purchasing of environmental friendly product for use in office is also conducted. These presents an opportunity to Thaioil to generate positive impacts through: • Reduced atmospheric and climate impacts: Customer consumption of low-carbon products can contribute overall GHG emissions reduction at a national level, leading to positive effects on the environment and climate. • Improved community health and wellbeing: low-carbon products reduce air pollution and its associated health risks, in which Thaioil contributes to a healthier and more livable environment for communities surrounding its refinery. • Enhanced value of ecosystem services: Low-carbon products help mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on ecosystems, preserving valuable natural resources for future generations. Negative Impact Thaioil’s refinery operations emit GHG scope 1 and scope 2 emissions, contributing to negative impacts on the environment, society, and customers, such as: • Longer drought seasons: Increased temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns can lead to longer and more severe droughts, impacting water availability and agricultural productivity. • Higher temperatures: Rising global temperatures can have a range of negative consequences, including heat stress, increased energy demand, and habitat loss. • Fluctuating climate conditions: Climate change can lead to more extreme weather events, such as floods, storms, and wildfires, causing significant damage and disruption. | Positive Impact To control and minimize air emissions, Thaioil Group has installed high-quality technology capable of effectively converting sulfur from waste gases into a liquid product for use in other industries, rather than emitting it into the environment. This improvement presents an opportunity for positive impact by: • Preventing and minimizing pollution: Reducing air emissions helps to improve air quality and protect the environment, public health, and communities surrounding the Company’s refinery. Thaioil Group’s air emission pollutants (NOx, SOx, and VOCs Emissions) are controlled at standards exceeding legal requirements by the law and the environmental impact assessment (EIA). • Maximizing the utilization of production waste and emissions: Using the Company’s innovations to find beneficial uses of production waste and emissions, and upcycling them into new products. This promotes resource efficiency and circular economy principles, while contributing to a more circular and sustainable economy. Negative Impact Thaioil Group’s air emission pollutants (NOx, SOx, and VOCs) result from its operational activities and production, impacting the external environment, society, and customers. These pollutants contribute to: • Decreased air quality: Air pollution can cause respiratory and cardiac illnesses, leading to premature deaths. • Net negative changes in the atmosphere: The release of these pollutants contributes to climate change and its associated negative consequences to the environment. |
Output Metric
| • Avoided GHG emissions (Scope 3) from environmentally friendly products : 893,584 tons of CO2 equivalent • Avoided GHG emissions (Scope 3) from green procurement: 1,993 tons of CO2 equivalent | • NOx emissions: 4,201 tons • SOx emissions: 6,682 tons • VOCs emissions: 1,359 tons |
Impact Metric | Societal / environmental benefits = 5,577 million THB | Societal / environmental costs = 1,143 million THB |
Impact Metric Proxy | Impact metrics proxy: • CO2 = 6,227 THB/Ton CO2 equivalent | Impact metrics proxy: • NOx = 92,516 THB • SOx = 100,894 THB • VOCs = 59,001 THB |
Reference for Impact Metric Proxy | US Government, IWG on Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases, 2021. Pg 16 (Page 16): Technical Support Document: Social Cost of Carbon, Methane, (whitehouse.gov) | TruCost (2013) Natural Capital at Risk. (page 41, average costs): http://naturalcapitalcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Trucost-Nat-Cap-at-Risk-Final-Report-web.pdf |